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ISP Liability - Newzbin, YouTube and the DEA 2010
Tom Frederikse of Clintons presents a one hour lecture on ISP Liability. He covers recent cases such as Newzbin, YouTube and LimeWire as well as recent legislation such as the Digital Economy Act 2010.
 
With rumours suggesting that LimeWire will face damages of $1 trilllion this is a fascinating lecture for all those involved in the Digital Economy. To view a short excerpt please click on the window opposite or CLICK HERE to visit www.legaltraining.tv  

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Viacom gets red flag
On the 23rd June the United States District Court gave summary judgement that YouTube were entitled to DCMA "safe harbour" protection in respect of publishing content owned by ViaCom as long as they followed DCMA guidelines.


This may be perceived as a victory for YouTube but the judgment made absolutely clear that sites like YouTube must remove illegal content "expeditiously" or would lose the safe harbour status. YouTube escaped liability as when asked to remove content they had done so quickly.

A few excerpts from the Judgment of Louis L. Stanton

"However, if the service provider becomes aware of a "red flag" from which infringing activity is apparent, it will lose the limitation of liability if it takes no action"

Interestingly goes on, quoting from Senate Report 45 "Section 512 does not require use of the takedown and notice procedure". Therefore a "red flag" can exist when a copyright owner has not used the takedown procedure of the service provider."

The report goes on ".......a service provider would have no obligation to seek out copyright infringement, but it would not qualify for the safe harbour if it had turned a blind eye to red flags of obvious infringement. "

So in this case and on these facts YouTube had done enough. No doubt ViaCom will appeal but in any event this has very much narrowed down the room for manoeuvre enjoyed in the past by the publishers of illegal content. Maybe ViaCom have lost this battle but are a step closer to winning the war.

Of further interest was that Lime Group, Fung and Grokster were distinguished out as they were file sharing P2P networks which are "not covered by the safe harbour provisions of DCMA 512(c).

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Pirates in the Hurt Locker
Voltage Pictures, producers of the award winning Hurt Locker, are suing 5,000 illegal viewers of the movie for amounts between $1500 (if the pirate admits liability) and $150,000 (if the case goes to trial). In a suit filed in a district court in Washington D.C they say;

"Each time a Defendant unlawfully distributes a free copy of the Plaintiff''s copyrighted motion picture to others over the Internet, each person who copies that motion picture can then distribute that unlawful copy to others without any significant degradation in sound and picture quality. Thus, a Defendant''s distribution of even one unlawful copy of a motion picture can result in the nearly instantaneous worldwide distribution of that single copy to a limitless number of people,"

Nicholas Chartier the Producer was quoted as saying

"...please feel free to leave your house open every time you go out and please tell your family to do so, please invite people in the streets to come in and take things from you, not to make money out of it by reselling it but just to use it for themselves and help themselves. If you think it''s normal they take my work for free, I''m sure you will give away all your furniture and possessions and your family will do the same. I can also send you my bank account information since apparently you work for free and your family too so since you have so much money you should give it away."

Interestingly in this example the ISP''s are working with the movie producers to release lists of subscribers who have infringed copyright.

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ISP''s in the frame
Mr Justice Charleton in EMI Records & Ors -v- Eircom Ltd has made some interesting comments about the exposure of ISP''s to injunctions in relation to digital piracy and also the ability of ISP''s to hide behind data protection legislation. Essentially this seems to be another nail in the coffin of the "we didn''t know it was happening, guv''nor" defence the ISP''s have been using.

"When the internet gained wide currency in the 1990s many of its adages began to believe that a new form of reality had been created. Some felt that it should be subject to no rules since, as it was not based in a particular country, but as its name implies is a world-wide web of communication, unlike the previous means of communication through the post, by telephone, through television or through films, it seemed to be impossible to subject to local regulation. That is not so. Nor should it be. In common with other aspects of life, the internet has a positive and dark side. On the positive side, its aids free communication; it opens up avenues of knowledge so that it has become a centre of learning in itself; it furthers public debate; and has established the swiftest and most far reaching form of communication that humanity has known. It is, on the other hand, also thickly populated by fraudsters, pornographers of the worst kind and cranks."

Crucially he also addresses the question of whether ISP''s who do not themselves illegally place infringing material on their networks have exposure;

"In the Copyright and Related Rights Acts 2000, as amended, references to the right of the copyright holder in section 40 to make available to the public copies of a work are declared to include such acts as broadcasting the work, issuing copies of it or renting out copies; as in DVD library. Then, after establishing those legal entitlements in the holder of copyright, subs. 3 and 4 of that section go together and I quote them:-

“3. Subject to subsection 4, the provision of facilities for enabling the making available to the public of copies of a work shall not of itself constitute an act of making available to the public of copies of the work.
4. Without prejudice to subsection 3, where a person who provides facilities referred to in that subsection is notified by the owner of the copyright in the work concerned that those facilities are being used to infringe the copyright in that work and that person fails to remove that infringing material as soon as practicable, thereafter that person shall also be liable for the infringement.”

Injunctions are granted by the court where it “just and convenient”. That is the basis for all equitable relief formalised by the Supreme Court of Judicature (Ireland) Act 1875. I interpret the Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 as extending to the making of injunction against an innocent third party in order to block, in the appropriate way that is convenient as to the balance between the parties and that is just, as to their standing and conduct, the wholesale illegal destruction of the right to livelihood through creative effort which copyright, as a fundamental concept in law, is designed to defend and to vindicate.

This is further good news for copyright holders.

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LimeWire takes direct hit in Piracy battle
A US district court in NYC has found LimeWire (and its Chairman on a personal basis) liable for secondary infringment of copyright in Arista Records (and others) v Lime Group LLC (and Mark Gorton, Director) [2010] 06 CV 5936-KMW.

LimeWire is basically a sharing service for illegal content which like many similar sites attempted to argue that it was a mere facilitator for illegal activity and not really involved.

The issue appeared to turn on the question of whether or not LimeWire had induced its users to breach copyright and in this case the court found that it had. This judgement, hot on the heels of the Newzbin case, places a lot of the "sharing" networks on very thin ice when it comes to the question of legal liability. It seems that the copyright owners are having a good run at the moment as in the future VC''s and senior managers may looks carefully at these "sharing" platforms to determine if they may attract personal liability. Whether the long arm of the law can reach out to the "usual suspects" of YouTube, Ustream, Justin TV and the ISP''s remains to be seen.

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Take that sportslovers ! Internet Pirates take a direct hit
While all the fun and games have been going on with the Digital Economy Act the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division have given the creators and owners of IP a victory in the battle with the Pirates in the NewzBin case. In particular they have significantly eroded the ability of ISP''s to "turn a blind eye" and rely on the empty argument that they did not know what was going on - guv''nor. NewzBin claimed that it had simply indexed and provided files uploaded by others - so had no liability. Mr. Justice Kitchen was having none of this;

"The defendant is liable to the claimants for infringement of their copyrights because it has authorised the copying of the claimants’ films; has procured and engaged with its premium members in a common design to copy the claimants’ films; and has communicated the claimants’ films to the public"


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Pat Leighton wins ALT lifetime achievement award
We are pleased to announce that Professor Patricia Leighton, our Editor In Chief, has won the inaugral lifetime achievement award from the Association of Law Teachers.
 
This was awarded at the annual ALT Conference which took place this year at Clare College, Cambridge.

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Digital Economy Act - switch off the Pirates
The UK Digital Economy Act 2010 was rushed through this month in an attempt to start the process of protecting copyright owners from digital piracy. An attempt has been made to create a process under which copyright owners can complain to an ISP about infringment, that ISP is then obliged to notify potentially offending subscribers and if offenders continue to persist they may have their internet connections terminated. ISP''s are also required to release the identity of the offenders to the copyright owners. Before this all really happens OFCOM need to do a full review for the Secretary of State and pirates internet connections are therefore unlikely to be terminated before early 2012.


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New Materials on Bribery and Corruption, Personal Injury and Legal English
We are pleased to present new materials for legaltraining.tv on Bribery & Corruption by David Christie of 7 Bedford Row and Personal Injury by Dr John Birchall.
 
David Christie examines the topical area of Bribery & Corruption with reference to recent cases and Dr Birchall explores the low value RTA pre-action protocol.
 
We also offer a new one hour course on Legal English on LawInABox.tv which is particularly suited to law students - both domestic and foriegn.

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Paralegaltraining.tv launched
 
We are pleased to announce the launch of para.legaltraining.tv. This is a site aimed at satisfying the training needs of the estimated 250,000 Paralegals in the UK and 6500 Paralegal law firms. CLICK HERE for more information.
 
For more information on Paralegals please click here.

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45th Annual ALT Conference
 
We are pleased to be attending and sponsoring the annual ALT conference which this year takes place at Clare College, Cambridge.
 
Please enter our online quiz and win a bottle of Champagne on www.lawinabox.tv - look for ALT quiz in the left hand navigation.

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Lord Whitty goes GaGa
In the House of Lords debate on the Digital Economy Bill Lord Whitty objects to the powers offered under the new legislation for rights owners to "go after" ISP''s and subscribers if they are involved in copyright theft & abuse. He talks about human rights - strange for a man who was very strongly in favour of ID cards and voted accordingly.

He tries to argue that the reason that sites like Spotify, Justin.tv, Ustream, Twitter and YouTube don''t make any money for rights owners is that "single figure % points" of the public have heard of them........according to research produced by Consumer Focus an organisation he is involved with. One can only wonder which dark corner of the world his repondents came from and how selective the questioning was. See highlighted paragraph below. Presumably his researchers took a trip to Eastbourne to talk to the pensioners.

His point about his respondent group not understanding Copyright Law does not surprise anyone - but that does not mean that it is OK to rip copyright off - ignorance of the law is no defence. Perhaps if the question had been "Is it OK to steal things ?" the reponses would have been different.

The reality is that the internet is seen by the public as a free medium and unless pretty strong measures are put in place to protect rights owners IP the creative industries will be severely damaged. ISP''s need to be squarely in the frame if they turn a blind eye to persistent offenders.


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New textbook on Constitutional Law
We are pleased to present our new textbook on Constitutional Law by John Hodgson.
 
CLICK HERE to visit our digital bookstore.
 
John Hodgson, MA LLM, is a graduate of Cambridge University, a Solicitor and a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. He is a Principal Lecturer at Nottingham Law School where he teaches Public Law, including EU Law and Human Rights, to undergraduate and post-graduate students. He is also a visiting lecturer at Tallinn Law School in Estonia. He has published extensively, particularly in the field of legal education, and is a former Chair of the Association of Law Teachers.

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Pleural Plaques
By Dr. John Birchall
 
In the Personal Injury Updater 2008, the House of Lords decision that pleural plaques do not, on their own, constitute actionable damage, was discussed in detail. The topic was taken up again in the Personal Injury Updater 2009, where it was noted that the Scottish government had reversed the House of Lords decision by legislation. The British government has now announced that it will not legislate in a similar way. The reason they give is that medical evidence, although it shows that both pleural and mesothelemia are caused by asbestos exposure, does not show pleural plaques in themselves increase the risk of mesothelemia. The government has, nevertheless, introduced a non-statutory compensation scheme in order not to disappoint claimants in England and Wales who had an expectation of compensation on the basis of previous practice and law. The Ministry of Justice statement on the point is;

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New Land Law material from Mike Harwood
Available at LawInaBox.tv. See note from Mike Harwood below.
 
This Review is intended to draw your attention to developments, judicial and legislative, in land law which have occurred since the previous Review, dated March 10, 2009, which in turn was intended to update the last edition of my Text Book Beginning Land Law of June 2008. So you should be able to read the Text Book in the light of more recent developments of significance up to the date of this present Review, March 5, 2010. Similarly, you should bear these recent developments in mind when looking at the Questions and answers or listening to the recorded lectures.
 
I focus on those developments which are likely to be of significance or interest to students reading for the land law element in a first law degree.
 
In addition, you should try to keep an eye on the periodical journals for relevant articles, case notes, etc. For land law the most useful is the Conveyancer and Property Lawyer; and perhaps the New Law Journal. And you should keep abreast of further developments as they occur.
 
There should be no need to remind you of the importance of keeping up to date with developments in the law. A  knowledge of any such, relevant developments is (rightly) expected and credited by examiners. Any properly set exam paper should give you the opportunity to demonstrate such knowledge. And examiners have a habit (whether or not you might think it a ‘nasty’ habit) of setting questions inspired by recent judicial decisions. Studying law, much more than in most other subjects, is a bit like going the wrong way on a moving escalator. You have to keep running to stay in the same place.
 
One final point. Wherever possible you should try to read the actual judgment(s) in a case; rather than just a note-up such as the present. This is the only way to understand how legal reasoning is developed and to learn all that is to be learnt from a case; and to be able to give a reasoned answer to a question embracing  the relevant judicial, not infrequently conflicting, dicta.
 
Mike Harwood
March 6 2010
 
Adverse Possession
Contract and Conveyance
Easements
Human Rights
Leases
Mortgages
Restrictive Covenants
Tort
Trusts, Co-ownership and Proprietary Estoppel
Legislation and Regulation

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Digital Desert
Recent reports suggest that Lady Gaga recently received from Spotify her royalty / revenue share cheque for...........$150. Her album has gone Diamond and Spotify is very widely used.  Airlines and shops are using the web to great effect but for pureplay IP (music, TV, movies etc) the ecosystem seems to be all about free content & piracy and therefore presents no opportunity for distribution of traditional "linear" content on a profitable basis. This underscores the importance of the Digital Economy Bill and the requirement to create a rational framework for the profitable distribution of content online.

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Spring Sale on 50% reductions
Visit LawInABox.tv and secure 50% reductions on all our content by using the promo code word CUCKOO when you check out of our online shopping cart. 
 
Take control of your learning.

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Digital Economy Bill has the X-factor
Cheryl Cole''s co-star on the X-factor, Simon Cowell, has backed a letter send to MP''s urging them to pass the Digital Economy Bill and include a three strikes and you''re out rule against persistent IP pirates. Other signatories included Sir Terry Pratchett, Tim Bevan, Paul Greengrass and Stephen Garret.



The text of the letter is below

Britain is admired for its creativity and its sense of fair play. British musicians, singers, actors, writers and directors are known and loved around the world and create some of our greatest assets. Together they contribute more than 7% to the UK economy.


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Aussie Rules
The recent case in Australia of Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v iiNet Ltd (No.3) brings into focus the challenges of policing the internet and the challenges involved in the forthcoming Digital Economy Bill.

Basically the Australian Federation Against Copyright Theft had notified iiNet that their subscribers had been repeatedly illegally downloading Hollywood movies using illegal sites and iiNet had taken no steps to prevent this. iiNet were successfull in arguing that they had safe harbour as they had not "authorised" this infringement. Clearly they were aware of the infringement but had not authorised it.

From a commercial perspective the rights holders and their representatives realise that it is very difficult to chase down hundreds of individuals and would much rather go after a corporation who might be able to pay damages (and legal fees) such as an ISP. From the ISP''s perspective they don''t really want the overhead of shutting down users and also the lost revenue........cutting off your own customers is never appealing.


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LawInABox launches IPOD app
LawInaBox can now be accessed from the beach via your IPOD and Iphone - search for LawInABox and watch some free shortform videos !
 
LawInABox.tv - take control of your learning.

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